News

Matangi emafuta anorema akaputika ndokubatira moto, uye makambani ari pedyo akamisa kugadzira

Na15:10 muna Chivabvu 31, 2021, pakabvira moto munzvimbo yetangi yePeak Rui Petrochemical Co., Ltd. muNandagang Management Zone yeCangzhou City.Dare reNandagang Industrial Park Management Committee rakabva ratanga hurongwa hwekukurumidzira kuronga kuchengetedzwa kwevanhu, kudzivirira moto, kutarisira kuchengetedza uye mamwe madhipatimendi akakodzera anoshanda Mushure mekumhanyira kunzvimbo yekuraswa, dhipatimendi remapurisa emigwagwa rakakurumidza kuvhara migwagwa yakapoteredza.

Pakuongororwa panzvimbo, tangi rekuchengetedza mafuta rekambani raive pamoto uye hapana vanhu vakakuvara.Dhipatimendi remoto riri kuronga kudzima moto uye kutonhora panzvimbo.Chikonzero chetsaona chiri kuongororwa uye kuongororwa.

Mangwanani emusi waChikumi 1, Nandagang Industrial Park Management Committee yakazivisa kuti bhizinesi mukati mekiromita imwe chete kubva panzvimbo yemoto rakanga ramira kugadzira, vashandi vese vabviswa, uye vashandi vakakodzera vebhizinesi rakabatwa vakadzorwa.Bazi remapurisa epamigwagwa rinotonga migwagwa yakapoteredza, uye kuraswa kunoitwa nenzira yakarongeka.Chikonzero chetsaona chiri kuferefetwa.

Zvinonzwisiswa kuti Nandagang Industrial Park iri kuchamhembe kwakadziva kumabvazuva kweCangzhou City, Hebei Province, kumadokero kweBohai Bay, inofukidza nzvimbo ye296 square kilometers.Ndiyo nzvimbo huru yekugadzira yeDagang Oilfield uye ine mafuta akawanda uye gasi zviwanikwa.Kune Dagang Petrochemical, Xinwang Petrochemical, Xinquan Petrochemical, Kaiyi Petrochemical, Xingshun Plastics, Yiqing Environmental Protection uye mamwe mabhizinesi akakosha munharaunda.

Peak Rui Petrochemical, iyo kambani inobatanidzwa, iri mupetrochemical park muchikamu chechitatu cheNandagang Management Zone.Iyo ndeye petroleum, marasha uye mamwe maindasitiri ekugadzira mafuta.Parizvino, kambani inomanikidzwa kumisa kugadzirwa mukati mekiromita imwe chete, kana kuti inogona kuve nekukanganisa maindasitiri ane hukama.

Ramangwana rakadzokororwa, PVC uye styrene yakasimuka kupfuura 3%

Nezuro, musika weramangwana wakawedzera zvakanyanya, chikamu chevatema chakanyanya kusimuka, uye chikamu chemakemikari chakasimukawo zvinofadza.

Sezvo yekuvhara, iyo yakasviba yakatevedzana yakaramba ichitungamira iyo inowanikwa.Zvibvumirano zvesimbi zvesimbi zvakasimudza 7.29%, iyo huru yePVC uye styrene zvibvumirano zvakakwira kupfuura 3%, iyo staple fiber, PTA, uye ethylene glycol yose yakasimuka kupfuura 2%, uye plastiki nePP yakasimuka kupfuura 1%.

Styrene nePVC yakakwira neanopfuura 3%, uye maitiro ekupera simba anoramba asina kuchinja

Panyaya ye styrene, iyo Tangshan Risun uye Qingdao yekunatsa uye makemikari zvidyarwa zvichavharwa kwemazuva 5-6 kuti zvigadziriswe munguva pfupi.Nekudaro, iyo 120,000 matani / gore styrene chirimwa cheSinochem Hongrun chinotarisirwa kuiswa mukushanda mukutanga kwaJune, uye huwandu hwese huchawedzera munaJune.Maitiro anoramba asina kuchinja.

Mutengo wemafuta asina kuchena wakachinjika pamwero wepamusoro, uye mutengo we pure benzene wakadonha.Iyo chaiyo benzene overhaul mudziyo wakatangwa patsva uye kupihwa kwakadzokororwa, asi yakaderera inventory level inoenderera mberi, uye gap rekupa uye rekuda richaramba riripo.Zvinotarisirwa kuti mutengo webenzene yakachena uchave wakasimba uye unoramba wakakwira uye uchichinja-chinja, izvo zvinotsigira mutengo we styrene.

Muna Chikumi, kugadzirwa kwe styrene uye kunze kwenyika kunotarisirwa kuwedzera, nepo yakadzika ABS ichipinda mu-off-mwaka mukudiwa, EPS terminal inoshaya simba, kugovera uye kudiwa kwakasununguka, uye styrene inotarisirwa kuchinjika uye kupera simba.

Kana iri PVC, yakakanganiswa nehutongi hwehurumende, mutengo wePVC wakadzikira kusvika pedyo nemutsetse wemutengo nguva yapfuura, uye manzwiro emusika aive asina kusimba.Uye zvakare, PVC nePE vane humwe hukama hwekutsiva padivi rekuda kwepombi.Nekuda kwekuwedzera kukuru kwesimba rekugadzira uye kutangwazve kwesimba rekugadzira mhiri kwemakungwa, mutengo wePE wadonha, izvo zvisina kunaka kudiwa kwePVC.

Mune ramangwana, vagadziri vePVC vari kupinda mumwaka wekugadzirisa mumwe mushure meumwe.Izvo zvinotarisirwa kutanga-mutoro zvichadonha zvakanyanya.Pamusoro pezvo, mafekitori ezvigadzirwa zvepasi anowanzo kuzadza zvinhu muhuwandu hwakakodzera pamadips.Kufarira kutenga hakusi kwepamusoro.Kutengesera chaiko kwenzvimbo kunodoka zvishoma, uye zvinotarisirwa kuti kucharamba kuine kusagadzikana munguva pfupi iri kutevera.

Cheni dzepolyester dzinowanzo kukwira, uye maonero emusika achiri kunetsa kuona

Panyaya yePTA, nekuda kwekuenderera mberi kwekuderedzwa kwekupa muchibvumirano chaJune chevagadziri vakuru, uye kutadza kusingatarisirwi kweYisheng Ningbo 4 # pakupera kwemwedzi, kugoverwa kwePTA kutenderera kwakaramba kwakaoma, uye hwaro hwekutsigira. yakaramba yakasimba, uye misika inogona kugadzirisa kuwedzera.

Nekudaro, kugadziridzwa kwepakati kwepolyester kwakatanga pakati paMay, uye kudzika kwekutanga-kuremerwa mutoro kwakaderera.Kuputira mareceipt ekuchengetera aripo achiri akakwira, ese ane imwe nhanho yekuzvidzora paPTA.Nekudaro, nekuda kweiyo inventory uye purofiti kudhonza, zvinotarisirwa kuti yekutanga mutoro wepolyester ichaderedzwa munaJune.

Zvisikwa zveMEG uye mafambiro emangwana zvakare akajeka: iyo iripo yakakura bhullish chinhu yakaderera hesiti.Nekudaro, muna Chikumi uye nekupfuura, Zhejiang Petrochemical, Satellite Petrochemical, Sanning uye imwe nyowani yekugadzira MEG yematani anosvika 3 miriyoni ichaiswa mukugadzira imwe mushure meimwe, uye kuwedzera kukuru kwekupa mune ramangwana kune chokwadi.Ehezve, pachine zvimwe zvinoshanduka mukugadzirwa kwakarongwa uye kugadzirwa chaiko kwechigadzirwa chakabatanidzwa.Semuenzaniso, iyo MEG mudziyo weSatellite Petrochemical hauna kuiswa mukugadzira sekurongwa.Zvisinei, kana nhamba yacho ikaramba ichiwanda, zvichava zvakaoma kuti mitengo ikwire zvakare.

Muchirevo chemaitiro akajairwa ekuwandisa muindastiri, purofiti inoshanduka inogumira.Kune iyo PTA neMEG, iyo yakatove neyakakomba kuwandisa, mutengo une kukanganisa kukuru pamitengo.

Musiyano wakakosha kubva kuPTA neMEG ndewekuti staple fiber haizove nenhamba huru yehunyanzvi hwekugadzira huchaiswa mukugadzirwa pamberi pekota yechina yegore rino, ndiko kuti, hapana kudzvanywa kwekuwedzera kugovera, saka dambudziko reiyo staple fiber rine. zvagara zvichidiwa.Zvisinei nekuomarara kuri kudiwa, kubva munaKurume kusvika pakupera kwaChivabvu, rwizi rwezasi rwakanga rusina kuwana kuvandudzwa kwepakati.

Polyester staple fiber kugadzira uye kutengesa kwave nehusimbe kubva muna Kubvumbi, nguva zhinji kugadzirwa nekutengesa kuri pazasi pe100%.Kuenderera mberi nekuzadzikiswa kwakakura kunodawo kuvandudzwa kwemachira ekudzika uye maodha embatya.Parizvino musika wakatarisana nenyaya yekuti iyo yepasi rose machira-parutivi uye yekuda-padivi denda riri kupera uye kuyerera, ingave ichigona kuunza zvakare maodha ekunze eindasitiri yemachira.

OPEC + inosimbisa kuwedzera kwekugadzirwa, Brent inotyora neUS $70

Nezuro masikati, mitengo yemafuta epasi rose yakaramba ichikwira.Brent crude oil futures yakakwira kupfuura 2% uye yakamira pamusoro peiyo $70 mark;WTI mafuta asina kuchena zvakare akatyora nepakati pemadhora makumi matanhatu nemasere, kekutanga kubva Gumiguru 2018.

Nekuda kwekuenderera mberi kwekumuka kwehupfumi, maonero ekudiwa kwemafuta muUnited States, China nemativi eEurope aita nani.Maguta makuru muUnited States akatevedzana akaregedza matanho ekuvharisa, izvo zvakasimudzira maonero ari nani ekudiwa kwemafuta eUS.New York City ichasimudza zvizere zvirambidzo pazviitiko zvekutengesa muna Chikunguru 1, uye Chicago ichadzoreredza zvirambidzo pamaindasitiri mazhinji.

Mukuru weTradition Energy, Gary Cunningham akati: "Nzvimbo zhinji muUnited States dziri kurerutsa zvirambidzo kufambisa kufamba kwechirimo, uye kudiwa kwemafuta kuchawedzera zvakanyanya.

Pamusoro pezvo, nyika zhinji dzeEurope dzakaregedza zvishoma nezvishoma kuvharika kwadzo.Kubva muna Chivabvu, Germany, France, Italy, Hungary, Serbia, Romania nedzimwe nyika zhinji dzeEurope dzakawedzera nhamburiko dzadzo dzekudzisunungura.Pakati pavo, Ministry of Health yeSpain yakati nemusi weMuvhuro inogona kudzima matanho ekupfeka masiki munzvimbo dzekunze pakati pekupera kwaJune.

OPEC+ yakaita musangano nezuro manheru.Vamiriri veOPEC vakati mushure mekuwedzera kugadzirwa muna Chivabvu naChikumi, OPEC + Joint Ministerial Oversight Committee (JMMC) yakakurudzira kuchengetedza chirongwa chekuwedzera chekuwedzera kwemafuta muna Chikunguru.Sekureva kwechirongwa ichi, OPEC + ichawedzera kugadzirwa ne350,000 mbiya pazuva uye mazana mana nemakumi mana nemakumi mana ezviuru pazuva muna Chikumi naChikunguru, zvichiteerana.

Pamusoro pezvo, Saudi Arabia icharamba ichisimudza hurongwa hwayo hwekuzvidira hwekudzikisa miriyoni yemiriyoni pazuva yakaziviswa kutanga kwegore rino.

Mitengo yemafuta pasi rose yakakwira ikadonha neChipiri.Kubva pakupera, July NEMEX WTI crude oil futures contract yakavharwa paUS$67.72/barrel, kuwedzera kwe2.11%;yaAugust ICE Brent crude oil remangwana kondirakiti yakavharwa paUS$70.25/barrel, kuwedzera kwe2.23%.

Ngatitarisei kuongororwa kwemazuva ano kwemaitiro emusika emhando gumi nembiri dzemusika wepurasitiki.

Imwe: General Plastic Market

1.PP: Kupedzisa kwakamanikana

Musika wePP nzvimbo yakagadziridzwa mukati mechikamu chakamanikana, uye huwandu hwekuchinja hwaive hwakapoteredza 50-100 yuan/ton.

Kufurira zvinhu

Ramangwana rinoramba richichinja, musika wenzvimbo hauna gwara, uye kupokana kwakakosha pakati pekupa uye kudiwa kune kushoma, zvinopihwa pamusika hazvisandurwe zvakanyanya, nzvimbo dzezasi dzinotenga pazvinenge zvichidiwa, vatengesi vanotevera musika ipapo, uye zvinopihwa chaizvo zvinonyanya kutaurirana.

Outlook forecast

Zvinotarisirwa kuti musika wepolypropylene wepamba uchaenderera mberi nemaitiro ekupedzisa nhasi.Tichitora East China semuenzaniso, mutengo mukuru wekudhirowa waya unotarisirwa kuve 8550-8750 yuan/ton.

2.PE: Kusimuka nekudonha hakuna kufanana

Mutengo wemusika wePE unoshanduka, mutsara wechikamu cheNorth China dunhu rinokwira nekudonha makumi mashanu yuan/tani, chikamu chepamusoro-soro chinokwira nekudonha 50 yuan/ton, chikamu chepasi-pressure membrane material chinokwira nekudonha 50-100 yuan/ ton, uye chikamu chejekiseni chinowira 50 yuan/ton.Chikamu chekudhirowa chakawedzera ne50 yuan/ton;nharaunda yekumabvazuva kweChina yakawedzera ne50 yuan/ton, iyo yakakwira-pressure yakadonha ne50-100 yuan/ton, iyo yakaderera-yakadzika-yegomba chikamu chakadonha ne50 yuan/tani, uye membrane zvinhu, kudhirowa uye majekiseni ekuumba zvikamu zvakadonha. ne50-100 yuan /Ton;mutsara wedunhu reSouth China wakasimuka ukadonha 20-50 yuan/ton, chikamu chepamusoro-soro chakadonha 50-100 yuan/ton, iyo yakaderera-kudzvanywa kudhirowa uye membrane zvinhu chikamu chakadonha 50 yuan/tani, uye buri uye jekiseni. kuumba kwakasimuka ndokudonha 50 yuan/ton.

Kufurira zvinhu

Linear remangwana rakavhurwa kumusoro uye rakashandiswa padanho repamusoro.Nekudaro, pakanga paine kukwidziridzwa kushoma kupfungwa dzevatambi vemusika.Petrochemical yakaramba ichidzika.Vabati vemasheya vakapa kumusoro nekudzika, uye terminal yakagamuchira zvinhu zvakasimbirira pane zvakaomarara zvinodiwa.Mutengo wakasimba wakanangana nekutaurirana.

Outlook forecast

Zvinotarisirwa kuti musika wemumba wePE unogona kunge uchitongwa nekukatyamadzwa kwakasimba nhasi, uye mutengo wakanyanya weLLDPE unotarisirwa kuve 7850-8400 yuan/ton.

3.ABS: yakamanikana oscillation 

Musika weABS wakachinja-chinja mukati mechikamu chakamanikana.Parizvino, zvimwe zvemumba zvakapihwa kuRMB 17,750-18,600/ton.

Kufurira zvinhu

Tichitora mukana wekukwira kwemafuta asina kuchena uye styrene remangwana, pfungwa dzekutengesa dzakadzikama zvishoma nezuro, kumwe kupihwa kwemitengo yakaderera kwakabviswa, uye mimwe mitengo kumaodzanyemba kweChina yakakwira zvishoma.Musika wekuEast China unochinja mukati mechikamu chakamanikana, mamiriro emubvunzo akati sandara, uye mafekitori madiki uye epakati pasi pemvura anoomerera pakuzadzazve.

Outlook forecast

Zvinotarisirwa kuti musika weABS uchave usina simba uye wakamanikana munguva pfupi iri kutevera.

4.PS: kugadzirisa zvishoma

PS mutengo wemusika wakagadziriswa zvishoma.

Kufurira zvinhu

Kuramba kuchikwira kwemitengo yematengo enguva yemberi yestyrene kwakasimudzira mhepo yekutengesa pamusika;kuwedzera kudiki kwemitengo ye styrene spot ine kuwedzera kudiki kumitengo yePS.Vabati vanoenderera mberi nekutumira zvakanyanya, uye vatengi vepasi pemvura vanongoda kutevera nemamiriro emusika.

Outlook forecast

Yenguva pfupi styrene remangwana rinogona kuramba richikwira kuti risimudze musika wekutengesa mamiriro, asi kushomeka kwekuwedzera kwemitengo ye styrene spot kwakaoma kusimudzira zvakanyanya mitengo yePS.Inopindirana neGPPS inopa zvishoma nezvishoma kusunungura chimiro, mitengo yeGPPS inogona kugadziriswa mukati mechikamu chiduku, HIPS iri nyore kudonha asi yakaoma kukwira.enderera mberi.

5.PVC: Zvishoma kumusoro

Mitengo yemusika wePVC yemumba yakakwira zvishoma.

Kufurira zvinhu

Black tie yakafambisa kukwira kwese kwezvinhu.Ramangwana rePVC rakakwira zvakanyanya, kutengeserana kwenzvimbo kwakavandudzwa, uye mitengo yemusika mumatunhu akasiyana yakakwira zvishoma nezvishoma.Iyo nzvimbo yemusika ichiri yakasimba, asi zvinotarisirwa munaJune-Chikunguru hazvina simba.Iyo isina simba macro atmosphere yave nani.Hunhu hwese hwezvigadzirwa huri nani.Vatori vemusika vane tarisiro nekuchenjera.

Outlook forecast

Zvinotarisirwa kuti mitengo yanhasi yePVC icharamba ichichinja zvakanyanya.

6.EVA: Vasina simba uye vasina simba

Mitengo yepamba EVA haina kusimba uye yakadzikira, uye mamiriro ekutengeserana emusika haana simba.

Kufurira zvinhu

Yanshan, Organic, uye Yangzi yekare mitengo yefekitari yakadzikiswa, nepo mamwe makambani akange akagadzikana.Vatengesi vari kushingairira kudzikisa mitengo uye hesiti, kudiwa kwekupedzisira kunenge kuri kunze-mwaka, kufarira kwekutenga hakuna kukwirira, uye kutengeserana kwemusika kune husimbe.

Outlook forecast

Zvinotarisirwa kuti musika wenguva pfupi weEVA uenderere mberi usina simba wekupedzisa maitiro, uye iyo VA18 yemukati furo zvinhu inogona kunge iri 19,000-21200 yuan/ton.

Vaviri: engineering mapurasitiki emusika

1.PA6: Pakati pesimba rinokwevera zvinhu pasi  

Kutariswa kwenhaurirano dzemusika wekucheka kwadzikira mukati mechikamu chidiki, uye vatengi vepasi vanozadza zvinhu pazvinenge zvichidiwa.

Kufurira zvinhu

Iwo mutengo weiyo pure benzene musika wakachinja, uye mutengo wecaprolactam wakatsigirwa zvisina simba.Manzwiro ekumirira-uye-kuona mumusika anopisa, iyo yepasi pepolymerization chirimwa inozadza kurongeka, uye chirimwa checaprolactam chinoshingaira kutaurirana nezvekutumira.Iyo East China caprolactam liquid musika inotarisira kutengesa nemutengo usina simba uye wakagadzikana.

Outlook forecast

Iyo pfupi-yenguva pfupi PA6 musika wekutengesa nzvimbo inotarisirwa kuchinjika pamwero wakaderera.

2.PA66: yakagadzikana maitiro

Iyo yepamba PA66 musika maitiro yakaramba yakagadzikana, uye mutengo hauna kuchinja zvakanyanya.Kupihwa kwevashambadziri mumusika kwakagadzikana, iyo quotation inochengetedzwa padanho repamusoro, iyo chaiyo kurongeka inokurukurirana zvishoma, uye kudzika kwakadzika kuri kudiwa.

Kufurira zvinhu

East China's adipic acid musika yaive isina kusimba uye yakarongedzwa kunze.Pakutanga kwemwedzi, mafungiro emusika akanga asina, uye kufarira kwakadzika kwekupinda mumusika kwaiva pakati.

Outlook forecast

Zvinotarisirwa kuti musika wenguva pfupi PA66 uchave wakatsetseka.

3.PC: Kupa kwakadonha

Mafungiro asina simba emusika wePC wepamba anoramba, uye zvinopihwa zvemusika zvinoramba zvichidonha.

Kufurira zvinhu

Kupihwa kwemusika kwakadzikira, uye vatengesi vaive nemadhipoziti chaiwo emabhuku ekutaurirana.Materminals parizvino ari kunonoka mukutenga uye anoramba achiteerera kune kumwe kugadziridzwa kwemitengo yePC pasi pesimba rekuderera kweBPA.

Outlook forecast

Musika wePC wepamba wakangwarira, uye vatengesi vekutengesa manzwiro achiri mashoma kwenguva pfupi.Kunyangwe musika webisphenol A uchibatanidzwa kwenguva pfupi, kupihwa kwemari kuri kushomeka, uye musika unongwarira nezve dzimwe shanduko mukutenga pfungwa.

4.PMMA: Chenesa kushanda

Iyo PMMA particle musika yakarongeka uye inoshanda.

Kufurira zvinhu

Mitengo yemitengo yakakwira mukati memhando yakamanikana, kutsigirwa kwemutengo kwakaganhurirwa, kumwe kupihwa kwePMMA particles kwakasimbiswa, vabati vakapa mitengo yakagadzikana, misika yekutengeserana mashandiro aichinjika, mafekitori ekupedzisira aingoda kubvunza, kutengesa kwaive kutete, uye vhoriyamu yekutengeserana yaive shoma.

Outlook forecast

Zvinotarisirwa kuti musika wenguva pfupi wePMMA particle musika uchave wakarongeka.Chikamu chepamba mumusika weEast China chinozotaurwa pa16300-18000 yuan/ton, uye mutengo wezvinhu zvinotengeswa kunze kwenyika mumusika weEast China uchave 16300-19000 yuan/ton.Iko kurongeka chaiko kuchakurukurwa, uyezve kutariswa kuchabhadharwa kune zvigadzirwa uye kutengeserana munguva inotevera.

5.POM: yakamanikana pasi

Musika wePOM wepamba wakawira mukati mechikamu chakamanikana, uye kutengeserana kwaive pakati.

Kufurira zvinhu

Kumisikidzwa kwevagadziri vepamba kuri kushanda zvakatsiga, asi kugadziridza kwemugadziri kuchangopera, uye kupihwa kunoramba kwakasimba, uye vazhinji vevagadziri vakasimba mukupa mitengo yakagadzikana.Chikamu chepasi chakapinda mumwaka wekunze, nekutenga zvine mutsindo, yakaderera yemagariro ekutanga, uye kunyanya-inodiwa kutenga.Hapana chinangwa chekuchengeta masheya.Musika wenguva pfupi unowanzo kuve usina simba, uye zviri kuwedzera kuoma kuti musika usimbise huwandu.

Outlook forecast

Zvinotarisirwa kuti musika wePOM wepamba uchave uine nzvimbo shoma yekudzikira munguva pfupi iri kutevera.

6.PET: Kupa kwakawedzera

Polyester bhodhoro flakes fekitori inopa yakawedzera ne50-150, mitengo chaiyo yekurongeka i6350-6500, zvinopihwa nevatengesi zvakakwira zvishoma ne50, uye mamiriro ekutenga akareruka.

Kufurira zvinhu

Mutengo wenzvimbo wepolyester mbishi zvinhu wakachinjika uchikwira.PTA yakavhara 85 kusvika 4745 yuan/ton, MEG yakavhara 120 kusvika 5160 yuan/ton, uye mutengo wepolymerization waive 5,785.58 yuan/ton.Padivi remutengo, iyo intraday polyester bhodhoro flakes fekitori inopa yakawedzera.Tichitungamirwa nemamiriro ekunze emufekitori, tarisiro ye intraday polyester bhodhoro flakes nhaurirano dzemusika dzakachinjika kumusoro, asi kuita kwebhidhiri kwaive kushoma.

Outlook forecast

Tichifunga nezve simba rekutyaira riri pachena rekukwira kwemafuta asina kuchena, zvinofungidzirwa kuti maflake ebhodhoro repolyester achapinda mugero rinosimuka rakatsiga munguva pfupi.

Kune anopfuura gumi marudzi ePP, ABS, PS, AS, PE, POE, PC, PA, POM, PMMA, nezvimwewo, uye zvinopfuura zana zvinobatsira zviwanikwa zvevakuru vekugadzira petrochemical vakaita se LG Yongxing, Zhenjiang Chimei, Yangba. , PetroChina, Sinopec, etc.


Nguva yekutumira: Jun-03-2021