Isesengura ryuruganda rwa PVC nuburyo isoko ryifashe

Isesengura ryuruganda rwa PVC nuburyo isoko ryifashe
Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) nimwe mubintu bitanu rusange-bigenewe.Ikorwa na polymerisiyasi yubusa ya vinyl chloride monomers.Imikoreshereze ya PVC iri kumwanya wa gatatu mubintu bitanu rusange-bigenewe.Nka bumwe mu bwoko bwingenzi bwigihe kizaza cyinganda zikora imiti, PVC isesengurwa mbere muriyi nyandiko.Icya kabiri, amasezerano nyamukuru ya PVC yagabanutse cyane kuva muri kamena, kandi yinjiye murwego rwo guhuza imipaka.Uruhande rusabwa ruracyari mubihe bidakomeye.Igihe cy'impinga muri Nzeri cyararangiye, kandi kwiyongera kw'ibisabwa mu Kwakira bigomba kugenzurwa.Niba ubwiyongere bwibisabwa mu Kwakira buzana igabanuka ryibarura ryuzuye, kandi biteganijwe ko izamuka ryibiciro bya calcium karbide kuruhande rwibiciro bizazana inkunga yo hasi, biteganijwe ko PVC izashyigikirwa.Byakoreshejwe muburyo buke.Nyamara, uruhande rutanga PVC rufite imbaraga nyinshi zumusaruro mugihembwe cya kane.Niba uruhande rusabwa rutabonye iterambere rinini, ibarura rishobora kuguma ku rwego rwo hejuru, kandi PVC izakomeza imikorere idakomeye.

01. Uruganda rwa PVC - ibikoresho fatizo birangira

Mbere ya byose, intangiriro ngufi ya polyvinyl chloride, polyvinyl chloride (Polyvinyl Chloride, PVC muri make), ni ifu yera idafite uburozi, idafite impumuro nziza kandi ifite plastike nziza.Ukurikije uburyo bwo kubona vinyl chloride monomer, irashobora kugabanywa muburyo bwa calcium karbide, uburyo bwa Ethylene no gutumiza mu mahanga (EDC, VCM) uburyo bwa monomer (uburyo bwa Ethylene nuburyo bwa monomer bwatumijwe mu mahanga bakunze kwita uburyo bwa Ethylene), muri ubwo buryo bwa Ethylene nubwinshi kwisi., igihugu cyanjye gishingiye cyane cyane muburyo bwa calcium karbide PVC, igipimo cya PVC cyakozwe nuburyo bwa calcium karbide burenga 70%.Kuki igihugu cyacu gitandukanye nuburyo mpuzamahanga bwogukora PVC?

Uhereye ku nzira yo kubyaza umusaruro, kariside ya calcium (CaC2, kariside ya calcium ni ibikoresho byingenzi by’ibanze by’ibanze, bikoreshwa cyane mu kubyara gaze ya acetylene. Ikoreshwa kandi muri synthesis organique, gusudira kwa oxyacetylene, nibindi) muburyo bwa calcium karbide. 70% by'igiciro cy'umusaruro, Kimwe mu bikoresho by'ibanze bya calcium karbide, orchide, bikozwe mu makara.Igihugu gifite ibiranga amakara akungahaye, peteroli ikennye na gaze nkeya.Kubwibyo, gahunda yo kubyaza umusaruro PVC murugo ahanini ishingiye kuri kariside ya calcium.Birashobora kandi kugaragara uhereye kubiciro bya calcium karbide nigiciro cya PVC murugo ko nkibikoresho nyamukuru bya PVC, isano iri hagati yibi byombi iri hejuru cyane.

Ku rwego mpuzamahanga, inzira ya peteroli na gaze karemano (uburyo bwa Ethylene) ikoreshwa cyane, bityo igiciro nigiciro cyisoko ntabwo bihuye.

Nubwo igihugu cyanjye gifite politiki yo kurwanya imyanda kuri PVC, abakora mu gihugu barashobora gukoresha uburyo bwa Ethylene kugirango babone PVC bagura amavuta ya peteroli, Ethylene na VCM monomers.Ibikorwa bitandukanye bya PVC bigira ingaruka zitandukanye munzira zabyo.Mu buryo nk'ubwo, impinduka z’ibiciro bya peteroli na Ethylene ku bikoresho fatizo birangiye gahunda ya Ethylene bizagira ingaruka ku bushake bw’umusaruro w’abakora PVC bo mu gihugu hakoreshejwe kariside ya calcium.

02. Urunigi rwa PVC - ikoreshwa ryimbere

Kubijyanye nibisabwa, PVC ibicuruzwa byo hasi birashobora kugabanywamo ubwoko bubiri: ibicuruzwa bikomeye nibicuruzwa byoroshye.Ibicuruzwa bikomeye birimo ibyuma bifata imiyoboro, inzugi zanditseho amadirishya, amadirishya akomeye nandi mabati.Muri byo, imiyoboro hamwe na imyirondoro nibyo byingenzi bikenerwa kumanuka, bingana na 50%.Nkibyingenzi byingenzi kumanuka, ibyifuzo byimiyoboro biriyongera vuba.Ku isonga ryimitungo itimukanwa nubwubatsi Ibicuruzwa bitangwa ni byinshi, kandi ikoreshwa ryibikoresho fatizo bya PVC ryiyongereye cyane.Ibicuruzwa byoroheje birimo ibikoresho bitwikiriye hasi, firime, ibikoresho bya kabili, uruhu rwubukorikori, inkweto nibikoresho byonyine, nibindi. Mu myaka yashize, ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu igorofa ya PVC byiyongereye, bikaba icyerekezo gishya cyo kuzamuka kwa PVC.Kubijyanye nibisabwa byanyuma, imitungo itimukanwa yabaye igice cyingenzi cyubukungu bwigihugu bugira ingaruka kuri PVC, bingana na 50%, hagakurikiraho ibikorwa remezo, ibicuruzwa biramba, ibicuruzwa bikoreshwa hamwe n’ubuhinzi.

03. Icyerekezo cy'isoko

Urebye urwego rwinganda, kuruhande rwibikoresho fatizo, ibiciro byubu byamakara yumuriro na karubone yubururu biri murwego rwo hejuru, kandi bigabanuka mugihe cyitumba.Niba imbeho ikonje yongeye kugaruka, ibiciro byamakara yumuriro na karubone yubururu birashobora kuzamuka kurwego rwo hejuru, bizatuma igiciro cya kariside ya calcium hejuru.Kugeza ubu, igiciro cya kariside ya calcium iratandukana nigiciro cyamakara yumuriro na karubone yubururu, cyane cyane ko igiciro cya PVC cyo hepfo ya calcium karbide idakomeye.Kugeza ubu, abakora kariside ya calcium bongereye buhoro buhoro igihombo cyabo.Imbaraga zo guhahirana n’abakora karisiyumu ya karisiyumu ni nto, ariko mu gihe cyo kwagura igihombo cy’amasosiyete, birashoboka ko ibicuruzwa bya calcium karbide byoherezwa ku giciro cyo hejuru byiyongera.Ibi kandi bitanga ikiguzi cyo hasi kubiciro bya PVC.

Mu gihembwe cya kane, biteganijwe ko kugarura ibintu bizaba bikomeye.Mu gihembwe cya kane, hazaba miliyoni 1.5 z'ubushobozi bushya bwo gukora PVC, muri zo miliyoni 1.2 ni zo zizewe.Toni 400.000 z'ubushobozi bushya bwo gukora zizashyirwa ahagaragara;hiyongereyeho, Jintai ifite toni 300.000 zigihe cyo gukora ntikiramenyekana, muri rusange, igitutu cyo gutanga PVC mugihembwe cya kane ni kinini.

Intege nke zukuri kuruhande rusabwa hamwe no kubara ibihe byinshi birwanya ibihe nimpamvu nyamukuru zitera igiciro cya PVC.Dutegereje uko isoko ryifashe, igihe cyo hejuru cya PVC gakondo zahabu irarangiye.Nubwo icyifuzo muri Nzeri cyateye imbere, kiracyari hasi nkuko byari byitezwe.Ibisabwa birahura n'ikizamini mu Kwakira.Niba ibisabwa bitezimbere kandi igiciro cyo hasi gishyigikiwe, PVC irashobora kwisubiraho gato.Ariko, hamwe no kwiyongera kwinshi mu musaruro mu gihembwe cya kane n’umuvuduko mwinshi wo gutanga, biteganijwe ko PVC izakomeza imikorere idakomeye.