Kusanthula kwamakampani a PVC ndi mawonekedwe amsika

Kusanthula kwamakampani a PVC ndi mawonekedwe amsika
Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) ndi imodzi mwazinthu zisanu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zonse.Amapangidwa ndi polymerization yaulere ya vinyl chloride monomers.Kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kwa PVC kumakhala kwachitatu pakati pa ma resins asanu omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito.Monga imodzi mwamitundu yofunika kwambiri yam'tsogolo yamakampani opanga mankhwala, PVC imawunikidwa koyamba papepalali.Kachiwiri, mgwirizano waukulu wa PVC watsika kwambiri kuyambira Juni, ndipo walowa mu gawo la kuphatikiza kophatikizana.Mbali yofunikila idakali mu mkhalidwe wofooka weniweni.Nthawi yapamwamba mu Seputembala yadutsa, ndipo kuchuluka kwa kufunikira kwa Okutobala kuyenera kutsimikiziridwa.Ngati kuwonjezeka kwa kufunikira kwa mwezi wa October kumabweretsa kuwonongeka kwa zinthu, ndipo kuyembekezera kubwereranso kwa mtengo wa calcium carbide kumbali ya mtengo kudzabweretsa chithandizo chapansi, PVC ikuyembekezeka kuthandizidwa.Analowetsedwa mu rebound yaing'ono.Komabe, gawo laposachedwa la PVC lili ndi mphamvu zambiri zopangira mu gawo lachinayi.Ngati mbali yofunikira sikuwona kusintha kwakukulu, zowerengerazo zitha kukhalabe pamlingo wapamwamba, ndipo PVC ikhalabe yofooka.

01. PVC makampani unyolo - zopangira mapeto

Choyamba, mawu oyamba achidule a polyvinyl chloride, polyvinyl chloride (Polyvinyl Chloride, PVC mwachidule), ndi ufa wopanda poizoni, wopanda fungo wokhala ndi kukhazikika kwamankhwala apamwamba komanso pulasitiki wabwino.Malinga ndi njira yopezera vinyl kolorayidi monomer, zikhoza kugawidwa mu njira kashiamu carbide, njira ethylene ndi kunja (EDC, VCM) monomer njira (njira ethylene ndi kunja monoma njira zambiri amatchedwa njira ethylene), pakati amene njira ethylene ndi ambiri mu dziko., dziko langa limachokera ku njira ya calcium carbide PVC, gawo la PVC lopangidwa ndi njira ya calcium carbide limaposa 70%.Chifukwa chiyani dziko lathu ndi losiyana ndi njira zapadziko lonse lapansi zopangira PVC?

Kuchokera ku njira yopanga, calcium carbide (CaC2, calcium carbide ndi chinthu chofunikira kwambiri chamankhwala, chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga mpweya wa acetylene. Amagwiritsidwanso ntchito popanga organic synthesis, oxyacetylene welding, etc.) mu njira ya calcium carbide pafupifupi pafupifupi 70% ya mtengo wopanga, Chimodzi mwazinthu zazikulu za calcium carbide, orchid, zimapangidwa ndi malasha.Dzikoli lili ndi makhalidwe a malasha olemera, mafuta osauka ndi mpweya wochepa.Choncho, zoweta PVC kupanga ndondomeko makamaka zochokera calcium carbide.Zitha kuwonekanso kuchokera ku mtengo wa calcium carbide ndi mtengo wapakhomo wa PVC kuti monga zida zazikulu za PVC, kulumikizana kwamitengo pakati pa ziwirizi ndikwambiri.

Padziko lonse lapansi, njira yamafuta ndi gasi (njira ya ethylene) imagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka, kotero mtengo ndi mtengo wamsika sizigwirizana.

Ngakhale kuti dziko langa liri ndi ndondomeko yotsutsa kutaya PVC, opanga pakhomo amatha kugwiritsa ntchito njira ya ethylene kuti apange PVC pogula mafuta opangira mafuta, ethylene ndi VCM monomers.Njira zosiyanasiyana zopangira PVC zimakhala ndi njira zosiyanasiyana pamtengo wake.Momwemonso, kusintha kwamitengo yamafuta osakanizidwa ndi ethylene kumapeto kwa njira ya ethylene kudzakhudza kufunitsitsa kwa opanga PVC apanyumba ndi njira ya calcium carbide.

02. PVC makampani unyolo - kutsika kwa madzi

Pakufunidwa, zinthu za PVC zotsika pansi zitha kugawidwa m'mitundu iwiri: zolimba ndi zofewa.Zopangira zolimba zimaphatikizapo zoyikapo mapaipi, zitseko ndi mawindo okhala ndi mbiri, mapepala olimba ndi mapepala ena.Pakati pawo, mapaipi ndi mbiri ndizofunikira kwambiri kunsi kwa mtsinje, zomwe zimawerengera zoposa 50%.Monga mtsinje wofunikira kwambiri kumunsi, kufunikira kwa mapaipi kukukulirakulira.Otsogola otsogola a nyumba ndi zomangamanga Mabizinesi otsogola ndi apamwamba, ndipo kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa zida za PVC kwakula kwambiri.Zofewa zikuphatikizapo zipangizo zophimba pansi, mafilimu, zipangizo zamagetsi, zikopa zopangira, nsapato ndi zipangizo zokhazokha, ndi zina zotero.Pankhani ya kufunikira kwachuma, malo ogulitsa nyumba akhala gawo lofunika kwambiri pazachuma cha dziko lomwe limakhudza PVC, lomwe limawerengera pafupifupi 50%, ndikutsatiridwa ndi zomangamanga, katundu wokhazikika, katundu wogula komanso ulimi.

03. Malingaliro a Msika

Kuchokera pamalingaliro a unyolo wa mafakitale, kumbali ya zinthu zopangira, mitengo yamakono ya malasha ndi buluu ya buluu ili pamlingo wapamwamba, ndipo imatsika m'nyengo yozizira.Ngati nyengo yozizira imabwereranso, mitengo ya malasha ndi buluu ya buluu imatha kukwera pamtunda, zomwe zidzayendetsa mtengo wa calcium carbide m'mwamba.Pakali pano, mtengo wa calcium carbide ukuchoka pamtengo wa malasha otentha ndi carbon buluu, makamaka chifukwa mtengo wa PVC wapansi wa calcium carbide ndi wofooka.Pakalipano, opanga calcium carbide awonjezera pang'onopang'ono zotayika zawo pansi pa zovuta zamtengo wapatali.Mphamvu yamalonda ya opanga calcium carbide ndi yochepa, koma pakukula kwa zotayika zamakampani, kuthekera kwa kutumiza fakitale ya calcium carbide pamtengo wokwera kumawonjezeka.Izi zimaperekanso chithandizo chotsika mtengo chamitengo ya PVC.

M'gawo lachinayi, kubwezeretsedwa kwazinthu kukuyembekezeka kukhala kolimba.M'gawo lachinayi, padzakhala mphamvu zatsopano zopangira PVC 1.5 miliyoni, zomwe 1.2 miliyoni ndizotsimikizika.Matani 400,000 a mphamvu zatsopano zopangira adzatulutsidwa;Komanso, Jintai ali 300,000 matani kupanga nthawi akadali wosatsimikizika, ambiri, kupsyinjika PVC kotala wachinayi ndi lalikulu.

Zowona zofooka pa mbali yofunidwa ndi zotsutsana ndi nyengo zapamwamba ndizo zifukwa zazikulu za mtengo wofooka wa PVC.Tikuyembekezera momwe msika ukuyendera, nyengo yapamwamba ya golide wa PVC yapita.Ngakhale kufunikira kwa Seputembala kwakula, kudakali kochepa kuposa momwe amayembekezera.Demand akukumana ndi mayeso mu Okutobala.Ngati kufunikira kukwera ndipo mtengo wapansi uthandizidwa, PVC ikhoza kubwereranso pang'ono.Komabe, kuphatikiza ndi kuwonjezeka kwakukulu kwa kupanga mu gawo lachinayi komanso kukakamiza kwakukulu kopereka, zikuyembekezeka kuti PVC ikhalebe yofooka.